Chapter 6: Displacing Indigenous Peoples

New Ncert class 11th History chapter 6

🌍 Easy and attractive visual notes 🎨

📖 The Big Idea of the Chapter

This chapter tells us a story about a very big change in the world. It shows how European people went to new places like America and Australia and what happened to the people who were already living there. It's a story of "modernisation" but also about how the native people were pushed away from their lands.

⚔️ Europeans and Natives: Different Worlds

Europeans' View

  • 💰 They believed everything could be bought and sold, even land and water.
  • 🏭 They were focused on the Industrial Revolution and making things.
  • 🗺️ They saw the native people as "uncivilised".
  • 🤔 They wanted natives to join their "mainstream" culture.

Natives' View

  • 🌳 They did not feel the need to own land, fish, or animals.
  • 🎁 They thought things could be exchanged as gifts instead of being sold.
  • 💖 They had a strong connection to their land and cultures.
  • ❓ They asked how one could buy the "freshness of the air and the sparkle of the water".
❗ This shows that the natives and Europeans had very different ideas about what "civilisation" was.

⏳ A Timeline of Colonisation

🚀 Before Industrial Revolution

European powers began to colonise parts of America, Asia, and South Africa.

🚂 The Industrial Revolution

Britain became the first industrial nation. This led to more need for resources, which pushed for more colonisation.

➡️ Settler Colonies

Europeans went to America and Australia to settle and make a new life. They took over the land from the native people.

🛑 Native Resistance

The native people fought to protect their cultures from being wiped out by the European settlers.

🤝 Different Countries, Different Paths

Other countries like the USA and Germany were influenced by Britain's industrialisation, but they followed their own path. Japan and China also had their own unique paths to modernity.

📈 What is Modernisation?

✨ Modernisation
⬇️
🏭 Industrial Revolution + 🗳️ Political Revolutions
⬇️
🌐 Led to a new, modern world
⬇️
🤝 But different countries had their own ways of modernising.
"The natives did not feel the need to own land, fish or animals. They had no desire to commodify them; if things needed to be exchanged, they could simply be gifted."

🗺️ Types of Colonies

🏠 Settler Colonies

  • 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 People from Europe moved and made a new home.
  • 🇺🇸 Example: European settlers in America and Australia.

👑 Direct Imperial Control

  • 🇬🇧 The colonial power ruled the country directly.
  • 🇮🇳 Example: British rule in India.

🔗 Semi-Colonies

  • 💼 Foreign powers controlled the country's resources and affairs without taking over completely.
  • 🇨🇳 Example: Foreign meddling in China.

✊ Nationalism and Sovereignty

📜 Nationalism

  • 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 A belief that political power should be with the people.
  • 💪 Nationalist movements fought against colonial exploitation.
  • 🌎 Nationalism can be civic (based on citizenship) or ethnic (based on language or religion).